The microphone is mainly composed of parts such as diaphragm, voice coil and magnet. The diaphragm is the heart of the microphone and is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals. The voice coil and magnet work together to generate an induced electric current that converts sound energy into electrical energy.
The detailed construction and operating principle of the different types of microphones
Dynamic Microphone :
Structure: The dynamic microphone is mainly composed of a diaphragm, a voice coil and a magnet. The sound vibration causes the diaphragm to move, driving the voice coil to cut the magnetic inductance lines generated by the magnet, thus generating an induced current.
Working principle: The sound vibration causes the diaphragm to move, and the voice coil moves accordingly and cuts the magnetic inductance line of the magnet, generating an induced current.
Condenser Microphone :
Construction: The core of a condenser microphone is the capsule, which consists of two pieces of metal film. When sound waves cause the film to vibrate, the change in film pitch causes the capacitance to change, resulting in an electric current.
Working principle: Sound waves cause the film to vibrate, change the film spacing, cause the capacitance to change, and generate current. Condenser microphones require phantom power to work.
Wireless Microphone :
Structure: The wireless microphone consists of a pocket transmitter and a centralized receiver. The pocket transmitter converts the sound signal into an electrical signal and sends it to the receiver via a wireless signal.
Working principle: The sound signal is converted into an electrical signal through the pocket transmitter, and sent to the receiver through the wireless signal, and the receiver then converts the signal into an audio signal output.
